An investigation into ultrasonic cleaning historic textiles

Abstract

This dissertation investigated ultrasonic cleaning, an area of conservation research since the 1950s, with publications regarding textiles as recent as August 2018. This research brings together conservation literature, scientific research on sound and ultrasound, and experimental laboratory research with a bespoke ultrasonic device to characterise some of the effects and parameters of ultrasound in a textile wet cleaning environment. The findings of this research provide a body of evidence on the physical and chemical effects of ultrasound and variables that can impact those effects. Primary conclusions are that ultrasound creates a more complex cleaning environment than has previously been explored in publication, and that there are accessible means to characterise the cleaning action of any ultrasonic tool for use in conservation. As a result, this dissertation recommends further research take place in practice with collaborators in the field of ultrasonic cleaning, focusing on impact and control of key variables: frequency, power, cleaning solution, and barrier layers in textile wet cleaning environments. Following from the conclusions and future research suggestions, a case study was completed in Appendix A, comparing cleaning efficacy and damage between sponging techniques and ultrasonic cleaning on historical soiled linen.